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ORIGIN OF COLLECTIVE SECURITY

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Gunshot
Gunshot
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Lv3: Senior Member
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PostGunshot Sun 16 Mar 2014, 10:37 pm

Collective security, as suggested by many, is one of the most promising approaches for peace and a valuable device for power management on an international scale. Cardinal Richelieu proposed a scheme for collective security in 1629, which was partially reflected in the 1648 peace of Westphalia. In the eighteenth century many proposals were made for collective security arrangements especial in Europe. The concept of a peaceful community of nation’s was outlined in 1795 in Immanuel kan’ts perpetual peace. A philosophical sketch, kant outlined the idea of a league of nations that would control conflict and promote peace between states. However, he argues for the establishment of a peaceful world community not in a sense that there be a global government but in the hope that each state would declare itself as a free state that respects its citizens and welcomes foreign visitors as fellow rational beings. His key argument is that a union of Free states would promote peaceful society worldwide. Therefore, in his view, there can be perpetual peace shaped by the international community rater then by a world government.
International co-operational to promote collective security originated in the concert of Europe that developed after the Napoleonic wars in the nineteenth century in an attempt to maintain the status quo between European states and so avoid war. This period also saw the development of international law with the first Geneva conventions establishing about humanitarian relief during war and the international Hague conventions of 1899 and 1907 governing rules of war and the peaceful settlement of international disputes. The forerunner of the league of nation, the inter-parliamentary Union (IPU) was formed by William Randal armed.

At the start of the twentieth century two power blocks emerged through alliance between European Great powers. It was this alliance that came into effect at the start of the first world in 1914, drawing all the major European powers into the war. This was the first major war in Europe between industrialized countries and the first time in Western Europe, the results of industrialization has been. The result of this industrial warfare was an unprecedented casualty level. By the time the fighting ended in November 1918, the war had a profound impact, affecting the social, political and economic system of Europe and inflicting psychological and physical damage on the continent. Anti-war sentiment rose across the world, the First World War was described as the “war to end all wars”, and its possible causes were vigorously investigated. The causes identified included arms races, alliances, secret diplomacy and the freedom of sovereign states to enter into war for their own benefits. The perceived remedies to these were seen as the creation of an international organization whose aim was to prevent Future war through disarmament, open diplomacy, international co-operation, restriction on the right to wage wars and penalties that made war unattractive to nations.

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